Mainboard IPOs

An Initial Public Offering is the first time a private company sells shares to the public and lists them on a stock exchange — in India, the NSE and/or BSE. The company moves from privately held to publicly traded, and anyone with a demat account can apply during a short bidding window.

• Raise fresh capital for growth, new plants, products or markets.
• Give early investors an exit — founders, employees and venture / private- equity backers can sell some or all of their holding. This portion is the Offer for Sale (OFS); that money goes to the sellers, not the company.
• Repay debt and strengthen the balance sheet.
• Raise profile — a listing brings visibility and, the company hopes, credibility with customers and partners.

Only the fresh issue portion funds the business. Always check the fresh-vs-OFS split before you apply — it is on every IPO page here.

SME IPOs can deliver large gains, but they carry more risk, less research coverage and less liquidity. Size your bets accordingly.

1. Evaluate — is this fairly priced, and who is really selling? Read the DRHP summary and the risk flags, not just the GMP.
2. Apply — bid through your broker via UPI. Money is blocked (ASBA), not debited, until allotment.
3. Wait — allotment in an oversubscribed retail category is a lottery, one entry per PAN. Most applications to hot IPOs get nothing; that is normal.
4. List — decide before listing day whether you are flipping for the pop or holding for the business. Have a rule, not a reflex.
5. Hold — track the first few quarterly results against what the IPO promised. This is where most coverage goes quiet and where the real evaluation happens.

• Price band — the range within which you bid; the company fixes the final issue price inside it. Retail investors usually bid at the cut-off (top).
• Min investment — one lot at the upper price band. Applying for more lots in the retail category does not improve your allotment odds.
• Subscription — how many times the shares on offer were bid for. It shows demand, not quality, and heavy retail oversubscription mathematically lowers your odds of a lot.
• vs issue — a listed IPO's current or listing price against its issue price. The issue price is an anchor set by the company's bankers, not a guaranteed floor.

Retail Individual Investors (up to ~₹2 lakh per application), High Net-worth / Non-Institutional Investors, Qualified Institutional Buyers, anchor investors, and, in many issues, company employees under a reserved quota.

Dates, price bands and issue sizes come from official BSE / NSE / SEBI filings. Subscription figures are from the exchanges, updated once a day at end of day. Grey Market Premium is an unofficial street number — we show it only with its historical accuracy record. Nothing here is investment advice.